Mengajar Siswa, Mudahkah? Part I

By: Ori Istihari on 4:18 AM

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Tulisan ini tidak ada maksud untuk menglorify maupun menyudutkan pihak manapun.

Mengajar adalah salah satu aktivitas yang paling fundamental bagi seorang guru. Seorang guru biasanya merupakan lulusan dari universitas-universitas atau sekolah tinggi yang menyediakan program pendidikan keguruan misalnya UPI, UNY, UNJ, Unnes, STKIP, dll. Idealnya seorang guru disekolah berasal dari lulusan kampus-kampus yang menyediakan program seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. namun kenyataannya disekolah banyak ditemukan para pengajar yang bukan dari basis pendidikan, sebut saja misalnya seorang sarjana teknik kemudian mengajar matematika atau fisika atau seseorang yang menempuh kuliah (bukan jurusan pendidikan bahasa Inggris) S1 di Amerika yang notabene menggunakan bahasa Inggris kemudian setelah di Indonesia ia menjadi seorang guru bahasa Inggris di sekolah. Apakah hal ini sah? Tentu saja, secara pendekatan konten bisa dan sah-sah saja. Namun yang membuat penasaran ialah apakah mengajar hanya sebatas menyampaikan pelajaran yang ada didalam textbooks sesuai dengan kurikulum yang diterapkan disuatu sekolah? Lalu bagaimanakah metode mengajar yang digunakan seorang pengajar, bagaimana cara mengassess dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan, serta pemahaman terhadap penyusunan rencana pelakssanaan pembelajaran (RPP), serta pemahaman psikologi pendidikan dan perkembangan peserta didik seorang guru apakah didapatkan di kampus-kampus yang tidak menyediakan program profesi keguruan? 

Beberapa waktu lalu saya sempat bertemu dengan seorang guru yang mengajar di salah satu sekolah mengengah atas di Bandung. Beliau bukan lulusan dari basis keguruan. Saya pun penasaran dan bertanya tentang kesan-kesannya menjadi seorang guru dan menanyakan tentang lika-liku mengajar. Beliau mengatakan bahwa "mengajar tidaklah sesulit yang dibayangkan. Dan dalam bentuk administrasinya pun seperti menyusun Rpp dan sebagainya bisa mencontek dari yang sebelumnya atau dari internet. Yang penting siswa bisa" Tergelitik dengan pernyataanya, saya teringat dengan materi kuliah yang disampaikan oleh seorang dosen mata kuliah evaluasi pembelajaran. Beliau mengatakan bahwa mengajar bukan hal yang mudah untuk dilakukan. Karena itu dibutuhkan teknik mengajar yang efektif demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Mengajar bukan hanya sekedar menyampaikan materi saja, tapi bagaimana seorang guru atau mampu berinteraksi dan memotivasi siswa untuk bisa mencapai pengembangan diri yang optimal, satu hal lagi yang tidak kah penting adalah bagaimana seorang guru mampu menyampaikan materi secara baik supaya lebih mudah dipahami oleh siswa atau mahasiswa.

Nah, kebetulan di program studi tempat saya menuntut ilmu ada mata kuliah yang namanya Classroom Discourse Analysis. Dalam mata kuliah ini banyak sekali yang dibahas mengenai interaksi dan komunikasi, salahsatunya yaitu membahas tentang analisis seorang guru dalam mengajar berdasarkan verbal dan non-verbal action dan ideologi yang dibawanya. Disini kita bisa memahami bahwa basis keguruan seorang pengajar memang penting. Untuk itu, anggapan bahwa untuk menjadi seorang guru tidak perlu dari kampus keguruan kita renungkan kembali. Dibawah ini merupakan salah satu tugas kelompok kami dari mata kuliah ini yaitu tentang analisis interaksi guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan Berry's framework analysis (1981) dan dipopulerkan oleh Suherdi (1994).
Dalam menganalisis kegiatan pembelajaran ini, kami pertama-tama mengtranskripsikan video yang diambil dari situs youtube.Setelah ditranskripsikan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemilahan dan pengkodean untuk setiap alis transaksi.

Video Source              : http://youtu.be/MEW_mNj5IK4

Karena keterbatasan ruang data tidak semuanya di posting, dan analisis data dilakukan pada artikel dengan judul yang sama bagian ke dua.

1	EXCHANGE 1	ATT G		T:	Good morning students
2		ATT R		Ss:	Good morning
3	EXCHANGE 2	K2		T:	How are you?
4		K1		Ss:	I am fine
5		K2f		T:	Thank You.
6	EXCHANGE 3	K1	1 +2 +3 x4	T:	Now, I have some papers for you. This is paper for you. One person, one paper. Have you got it?
7		Ro		Ss:	….
8		Rp		T:	Sudah dapat kertas semuanya?
9		rrpr		Ss:	Sudah.
10	EXCHANGE 4	K1	1 +2 +3 x4	T:	Ok, If you do not understand anything, you can ask me. Please, feel free to ask, and then i will answer you question. You can ask me whether bahasa Indonesia or maybe in English like this. Do you understand guys?
11		K2f		Ss:	Yes.
12	EXCHANGE 5	K1		T:	Ok, Thank You.
13	EXCHANGE 6	K1	1 +2 +3	T:	Now, I will show a video for you.. Because we don’t have LCD or Projector, so you can come forward, please. Sini.. Duduk sini, lihat. Sebentar yah..
14	EXCHANGE 7	K1		T:	OK, Thank You.
15	EXCHANGE 8	K1	1 +2 x3	T:	I want you to watch this video carefully. Sini kalian lihat video, you can come forward . The back row, you can watch this? You can hear the sound?
16		K2f		Ss:	Yes.
17	EXCHANGE 9	K1		T:	Thank You.
18	EXCHANGE 10	K1		T:	You just watch this (watching video)
19		cfr		T:	Ok, Have you watched the video?
20		Ro		Ss:	…
21		cfr		T:	Sudah ditonton videonya?
22		Cf		Ss:	Yes.
23	EXCHANGE 11	K1	1 =2 x3	T:	Ok, Now please you can identify this video. What the activity in the video, for example take a bath or take shower, take a brush. You understand?
24		K2f		Ss:	Yes.
25	EXCHANGE 12	DK1		T:	Ok, you.. What you find in this video? What kind of activity in this video?
26		Ro		S1:	....
27		K2		T:	What’s your name?
28		K1		S1:	My name is Tika
29		K2f Rp		T:	Ok, Tika. What kind of activity that you find in this video?
30		Ro		S1:	…..
31	EXCHANGE 13	K1 DK1	1 =2	T:	Ok, i will give you example. The first subject in this video, she takes a brush. You understand what the meaning of take a brush?
32		Ro		S1:	....
33		Rp		T:	Take a brush?
34		rrpr		Ss:	No
35		clue		T:	Ok.. every morning, when you wake up, you go to bathroom, and then you take a brush. What did you do?
36		K2		Ss:	Gosok gigi
37		K1f K2		T:	Ok, that’s right. That’s perfect. Now, what’s your name?
38		Ro		S2:	....
39		Rp		T:	Namanya siapa?
40		K1		S2:	Anis
41		K2f K1 K2	1 x2 x3	T:	Ok, Anis. When I ask you what’s your name, you can answer my name is Anis. OK? Do you understand? What’s your name?
42		Irr		S3:	My name is Boo.
43		A2 Rp Rpr		T:	Be silent please. Silent, please.. What’s your name?
44		rrpr		S2:	My name is Anis.
45		K1		T:	That’s good.
46	EXCHANGE 14	DK1 clue clue		T:	So, what did you find the equal task of the activity in this video? I just have the example that person in this video, she takes a brush. Every morning, take a brush.
47		Ro		S2:	...
48		K1		T:	Ok, you.
49		Rp		S4:	Dadan
50		dA2		T:	Ok, Dadan, can mention one activity in the video that you have watched?
51		A1:V		S4:	Sikat gigi
52		A2f A2 A2 A2	1 +2	T:	No, I have mentioned. Nice try. You can give me another example? There are some activities in that video. Anyone who wants to answer, please, raise your hand and mention your name Ahmad, Can you mention just one. I just give you example, just one.
53		A1:V		S5:	Ant
54	EXCHANGE 15	K1		T:	Ok, that’s good. Perfect
55	EXCHANGE 16	A2		T:	Husein.. Just one. I want you to give me one example. It’s easy,right?
56		A1:V		S6:	Sikat gigi
57	EXCHANGE 17	A2 clue	1	T:	Another example please When you do every morning
58		A1:V		S7:	Sabun
59		corr		T:	No, sabun is such kind of noun.
60	EXCHANGE 18	DK1		T:	What is sabun in English?
61		Ro		S6:	...
62		K1		T:	Soap
63	EXCHANGE 19	K1 clue		T:	Ok, I will give you a clue. Take shower, mandi.
64	EXCHANGE 20	K2		S6:	Take shower
65		K1f		T:	Good
66	EXCHANGE 21	K2		T:	Ok, you. What’s your name?
67		K1f		S6:	Gina
68	EXCHANGE 22	A2	1 =2 +3	T:	Gina, give me more example. When you do every weekend, when you do every night. For example, tomorrow you will have a test, what will you do at night?
69		Ro		S8:	....
70		K2		T:	Ketika besok kamu mau ulangan, malamnya kamu ngapain?
71		K1		S8:	Menonton TV
72		K2f A2		T:	Ok, nice try. Give me some logic answers.
73		Ro		S8:	....
74		rpr		T:	Jawaban yang logis.
75		rrpr		S8:	Belajar
76		K1		T:	Good.
77	EXCHANGE 23	K1		T:	You have answered belajar.
78	EXCHANGE 24	A2 DA2		T:	Now, I want you to say in English. Mention, what is the meaning of belajar in English?
79		Ro		S8:	....
80		Rph		T:	Arti bahasa Inggrisnya belajar
81		A1		S6:	Sleepy
82		corr K1		T:	No. Sleepy means mengantuk.
83	EXCHANGE 25	K2		S6:	Tidur?
84		K1f		T:	Tidur means sleep
85	EXCHANGE 26	DK2		T:	What is Belajar in English?
86		Ro		S8:	....
87		K1 K1	1 +2 1 +2 =3 x4	T:	Study. I study every night. Now, the next activity is that in this video, you have some activities. The activity is that the activity that you do everyday. So, for example I take brush. Gosok gigi. I sleep at 9 PM. And then, I play with my friend in the afternoon. I go to school by train. Do you understand?
88		K2f		Ss:	Yes.
89	EXCHANGE 27	K1	1 +2 +3 +4 x5 x6	T:	If there is anyone who does not understand, you can ask me. You can feel free to ask Kalian bisa bertanya pakai bahasa Indonesia You can ask me by using English or Bahasa Indonesia Do you understand what I mean? Do you understand what i say?
90		Ro		Ss:	....
91		Rp		T:	Ok, You understand what i mean?
92		Cf		S2:	Yes
93		K1		T:	Ok, Thank You.
94		cfr		T:	Is there anyone who still does not understand, guys?
95		Ro		Ss:	....
96		K1		T:	Hallo..
97		K2f		Ss:	Yes
98		K1		T:

99	Exchange 28	DK1		T	the next I think.. What… hmm Have you learned about simple present tense?
100		Ro		S	……..
101		Rp		T	Simple present tense?
102		Ro		S	………
103		Rph		T	Eeerr,,, Can you mention what is the formula  that used in video? Apa yang ,, kalimat apa, dengan formula apa kalimat itu digunakan didalam video tersebut?
104				S	Hmmmm
105		Rp		T	What kind of sentence, what kind of formula in this video?
106		Ro		S	……….
107		Rph		T	Apa,, present tense, tensis apa yang digunakan dalam video tersebut?
108				S	Apa itu tenses?
109		K1 K1 K1	1 =2 +3	T	tenses itu  ,, tenses is a formula to create the sentence . Formula, rumus untuk membuat kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris.  For example, simple present tense, present continuous, present perfect,
110		Ro		S	(mumbling)
111	Exchange 29	A2		T	Please if you want to answer, please raise your hand! Raise your hand please!
112				S	……..
113				T	raise your hand!
114				S	……..
115	Exchange 30	DK1		T	Lala, what kind of sentence used in this video?
116		K2		S	Eerr.. present tense
117		K1 check		T	Yes good. See all, present tense, right. Take a brush, take a bath, sleep, I sleep at 8 p.m. I get up,,  ok that’s good yes Gita.. Ok have I got your name.  Hmm then, the next activity to do , eeerr..  please open your handouts page one. Ok. This handout is talking about some terminologies related to materials  daily activities, ok.  Now, when I read, eerr you have to repeat after me, understand!
118		rcheck		S	Ok
119	Exchange 31	DA1 check		T	Saya membaca, lalu kalian menirukan setelah saya.  You understand guys!
120		Rcheck		S	(all) yeah..
121	Exchange 32	A2		T	Ok,, let’s start. Play
122		A1:V		S	Play
123		rpr		T	Once again. Play
124		rrpr		S	Play
125	Exchange 33	A2		T	Brush
126		A1:V		S	Brush
127		rpr		T	Loudly! brush
128		rrpr		S	Brush
129	Exchange 34	A2		T	Good.. Shower
130		A1:V		S	Shower
131	Exchange 35	A2		T	Say
132		A1:V		S	Say
133		rpr		T	say,, ahmad!
134		rrpr		S	(ahmad) say
135	Exchange 36	A2		T	Perfect. Tea
136		A1:V		S	Tea
137		Corr		T	Tea
138		Rcorr		S	Tea
139	Exchange 37	check		T	Ok Good. Julia?
140		rcheck		S	Tea
141		check		T	Anita?
142		rcheck		S	Tea
143		check		T	Ahmad?
144		rcheck		S	Tea
145		corr		T	Tea
146		rcorr		S	Tea
147		check		T	Husein?
148		rcheck		S	Tea
149		check		T	Helina?
150		rcheck		S	Tea
151		rpr		T	I beg your pardon?
152		rrpr		S	Tea
153	Exchange 38	K1		T	Perfect.
154	Exchange 39	A2		T	Once more. Once again, ok? Play
155		A1:V		S	Play
155	Exchange 40	A2		T	Brush
156		A1:V		S	Brush
157	Exchange 41	A2		T	Shower
158		A1:V		S	Shower
159	Exchange 42	A2		T	Take a bath
160		A1:V		S	Take a bath
161	Exchange 43	A2		T	Say
162		A1:V		S	Say
163	Exchange 44	A2		T	Tea
164		A1:V		S	Tea
165	Exchange 45	A2		T	Get up
166		Irr		S	Get up
167		Corr		T	get up (linked sound)
168		Irr		S	get up (separate get-up)
169		Corr		T	Get up
170		Rcorr		S	Get up
171	Exchange 46	A2		T	Wash
172		A1:V		S	Wash
173	Exchange 47	A2		T	Cloud
174		A1:V		S	Cloud
175		check		T	Nurvita?
176		rcheck		S	Cloud
177		check		T	That’s good. Adis?
178		rcheck		S	Cloud
179		check		T	Bela?
180		rcheck		S	Cloud
181		check		T	Cloud
182		rcheck		S	Cloud
183		corr		T	Cloud,, /deh/ (fonem) /deh/ cloud
184		rcorr		S	Cloud
185		check		T	Ok. Lina? Cloud
186		rcheck		S	Cloud
187	Exchange 48	A2		T	Leave
188		A1:V		S	Leave
189	Exchange 49	A2		T	Put up
190		A1:V		S	Put up
191		Check		T	Put up
192		rcheck		S	Put up
193	Exchange 50	A2		T	That’s perfect. Ok. Please Galang read, one word! The first word
194				S	Play
195	Exchange 51			T	Lina? The second word! Brush
196				S	Brush
197	Exchange 52			T	Husein, third!
198				S	Shower
199				T	Shower
200				S	Shower
201				T	Shower
202				S	Saurr
203				T	Shower
204				S	Shower
205				T	Okay. Perfect
206	Exchange 53	A2		T	Ahmad! The forth
207		A1:V		S	Say
208	Exchange 54			T	Tika?
209		A1		S	Say
210	Exchange 55	A1		T	Get up
211		A2:V		S	Get up
212				S	Get up
213	Exchange 56	K1 A2		T	that’s good. Galang! wash
214		A1:V		S	Wash
215	Exchange 57	A2		T	Husein?
216		A1:V		S	Cloud
217	Exchange 58	A2		T	Hmm.. Dhina?
218		A1:V		S	Drink tea
219	Exchange 59	A2		T	The last Tika, put up
220		A1:V		S	Put up
221	Exchange 60	K1	1 =2	T	Okay. That’s perfect. You did a great job guys. (applause)
222		Ro		S	(applause)
223	Exchange 61	DK1		T	now the next activity will do a game. Are you happy with a game? You like game?
224		K2		S	Yes
225	Exchange 62	DK1	1 +2	T	I have some picture cards. Have you played a card? Pernahkah kalian bermain kartu? Have you played card? Yes?
226		K2		S	Yes
227	Exchange 63	DK1	1 +2	T	What did you have played the card?.  Poker maybe
228		K2		S	Remi
229		K1	1 +1 +2 +3 X4	T	Remi, ya okay. I have some cards. This.The card is picture cards. Eeerr you have to do this game I choose one person to come forward, and then I show.  I’ll show this card to the person and she or he will act same like this card. Okay? Do you understand?
230		Cfr		S	No
231	Exchange 64	K1 check	1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6	T	Okay. Saya punya kartu. Kartu ini kartu gambar. Saya ingin satu anak maju untuk memperagakan apa yang ada di kartu ini. Okey?  Dan kalian, you have to guess what he or she does every day, every morning, and every weekend or every week.  Jadi kalian harus menebak apa yang dia lakukan setiap hari, setiap pagi, setiap minggu. You understand?
232		rcheck		S	Yes
233	Exchange 65	A2		T	Okay. I want you please come forward.
234		Ro		S	…….
235	Exchange 66	A2		T	raise your hand!
236		Ro		S	(laugh)
237		Rph		T	or I will choose. I will choose
238		Ro		S	……
239	Exchange 67	A2		T	Hmm Lina please come forward!
240		Irr		S	(Boy) Yes
241		Rp		T	Please come forward. Come on
242	Exchange 68	DK1		T	Do you sleepy?
243		Irr		S	(Boy) yes
244		Rp		T	(to Lina) do you sleepy? Kamu ngantuk?
245		K2		S	No
246		K1	1 =2 +3 +4 X5	T	Okay. I give you one card,  and you have to act same with this card. Kamu harus memperagakan kartu ini kepada teman-teman kamu. Teman-teman`mu harus menebak apa yang kamu peragakan. If you can answer correctly, then raise your hand and mention your name! Okay?
247	Exchange 69	A1:NV		S	(Acting)
248	Exchange 70	K1		S	Baca Buku
249	Exchange 71	A2		T	In English please!
250		Ro		S	………
251	Exchange 72	A2		T	galang please raise your hand if you want to answer!
252		Ro		S	……..
253	Exchange 73	DK1		T	Read. What does she do every night? Apa yang biasa dia lakukan setiap malam?
254		K2		S	Read
255		K1		T	Read the books.  She reads the book. C’mon. She reads the book
256		Rp		S	She reads the book.
257		K1f		T	Okay good.
258	Exchange 74	K1		S	Next picture. (the teacher is showing a picture). Now you just act, engga usah ragu.
259	Exchange 75	A1:NV		T	(acting)
260	Exchange 76	K1		S	Menyapu
261	Exchange 77	A2		T	In English?
262		Ro		S	…….
263		Clue		T	Sweep
264		A1:V		S	Sweep a….. lantai
265		Corr		T	Floor.. She sweeps the floor
266		Rp		S	She sweeps the floor
267		K1		T	Yes, that’s good. Next is (the teacher is showing a pic)
268	Exchange 78	A1:NV		S	(Acting)
269	Exchange 79	K1		S	Mikir
270	Exchange 80	A2		T	no, Tika? You can guess
271		A1:V		S	do homework
272		Clue		T	yes she does every night when tomorrow she has a test
273	Exchange 81	K		s	Membaca
274	Exchange 82	K2		S	Study
275		Rph Clue		T	yes, that’s good. You can make a sentence. Sentence. Kamu bias membuat satu kalimat like I said before. She sweeps the floor and then you …
276	Exchange 83	K2		S	She is studying
277		Corr A2 K1		T	yes that’s right but the correct one is she studies every night. Ok. Thank you sit down. Next