Grammar: Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

By: Ori Istihari on 8:52 AM

Share it Please

Tweet

Definition: An adverb is used to modify an adjective, a verb or other adverb. It tells us about an action, or the way something is done.

FORMING ADVERB

In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding -ly to an adjective Adjective Adverb cheap cheaply quick quickly slow slowly Ø  If the adjective ends in -y, replace the y with i and add –ly Adjective Adverb easy easily angry angrily happy happily lucky luckily Ø  If the adjective ends in -able, -ible, or -le, replace the -e with y. Adjective Adverb probable probably terrible terribly gentle gently Ø  If the adjective ends in -ic, add -ally. Exception: public -> publicly Adjective Adverb basic basically tragic tragically economic economically Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective: early, fast, hard, high, late, near, straight, & wrong Examples It is a fast car. He drives very fast. This is a hard exercise. He works hard. We saw many high buildings. The bird flew high in the sky.

With adverbs ending in -ly, you must use more to form the comparative, and most to form the superlative. Adverb Comparative Superlative quietly more quietly most quietly slowly more slowly most slowly seriously more seriously most seriously Examples The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand. Could you sing more quietly please? With short adverbs that do not end in -ly comparative and superlative forms are identical to adjectives: add -er to form the comparative and -est to form the superlative. If the adverb ends in e, remove it before adding the ending. Adverb Comparative Superlative hard harder hardest fast faster fastest late later latest Examples Jim works harder than his brother. Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all. Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Adverb Comparative Superlative badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest little less least well better best Examples The little boy ran farther than his friends. You're driving worse today than yesterday ! He played the best of any player.

Adverbs answer four specific questions about the verbs, adjectives, and adverbs they modify:

e.g.

How?	quickly, gracefully, fluently
When?	late, never, tomorrow
Where?	there, inside, below
How often?	very, well, almost

1.       Adverb of Manner

Adverbs of manner are mostly formed from Adjectives by adding -ly. These adverbs express in what manner or how an action is done.

Adjective	Adverb
Beautiful	Beautifully
Fluent	fluently
loud	loudly

Example

The girls answered all the questions correctly

The plane landed safely

Mr.David speaks English fluently

The bird flies swiftly

Note : It’s important to keep in mind that not all -ly words are adverbs. Some can be adjectives: friendly, neighborly, yearly, mannerly, daily, lovely, elderly, and cowardly, to name just a few. If the -ly modifies a noun or pronoun is called adjective. If the -ly modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb is called adverb.

2.       Adverb of Time

Adverbs of time express the time of an action. These adverbs express in which or when an action is done.

These adverbs of time are : Now, Already, never, until, early, yesterday, tomorrow, since, as soon as possible, last night, next week, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the summer, late, etc

Example

Mrs.Nancy arrived late for the party

The train has already left

We moved into our new house last week

Mr.David never listens to me

They are coming now

I was waiting in the bus stop until 6 p.m

My brother goes to college in the autumn

3.       Adverb of Place

It expresses or points out the place of an action.

example

Come in! Come here! Go there The boys are playing upstairs Please let me in!

They are going to New York City on their school trip My brother is studying at a psychology college The bus will stop here as soon as it arrives She will come here

4.       Adverb of Frequency

Definition: Position of adverbs of frequency which answer the question ‘How often?’. These Adverbs tell us how often or how frequently an action takes place.

Example:

She always like black tea She seldom goes there Sometimes I feel bad I never expect this again David never comes here

We’ve been to Disneyland twice The newspaper is delivered daily I clean my bedroom every week You should go to the dentist once every six months

 

If the adverb is am, is, are, was, were, these adverbs are placed after the verb.

e.g. I am always at home on every Sunday

In the case of other verbs, they are put before the verb.

e.g They frequently go there - I never do such a thing

When there are two verbs, these adverbs are placed after the auxiliary verb

e.g I can easily answer this question, She has already passed the examination

 

5.       Adverb of Degree or Quantity

 Adverbs of Degree shows how much, or in what degree or to what extent.

Very Completely Extremely Too nearly

Greatly Almost Fully For quite

Hardly Altogether For this Here enough

In this Rather Well Pretty

Example

You are quite right He helped me greatly He hardly works I do not have any experience in this

I am rather busy She is fully prepared I have enough food You are partly responsible for this

The tank is almost full We all had gone altogether She sings pretty well I finish the work almost

6.       Adverbs of Reason

These Adverbs express the reason for or purpose of an action.

E.g

She therefore left college Michel was hence neglected by the teachers He gets the award consequently of his talent The bell rang so he left the school

He said thus to accept On account of rain the match was postponed Since it is hot, I am very tired

7.       Interrogative Adverb

Adverbs which are used for asking questions are called interrogative adverbs. There are several different kinds of interrogative adverbs.

Interrogative Adverbs of Time Examples are: when, how long, how early, how soon etc. When will you finish this job? How long will you stay here? How often do you visit them? How soon can you begin work? Interrogative adverbs of Place Where do you live? Where has she come from? Where can I find him? Interrogative adverbs of number Examples are: how many, how often, how much How many students are there in the class? How often does the committee meet?

Interrogative adverb of manner Examples are: how How did you arrive at the conclusion? How are you doing? How was the experience? How did you do it? Interrogative adverbs of degree or quantity Examples are: how much, how far, how high etc. How much did you pay? How far can you go? How much more do you want? Interrogative adverbs of reason Example: why Why are you crying? Why did you quit? Why do you hate her? Why do you want to go there?

Exercise 1

I. Fill in the Gap

 Complete the sentences with the best adverb.
    Hint: Not every adverb is needed.
slowly     carefully   beautifully      well        loudly        carelessly       easily       excitedly       finally      suddenly       quickly           quietly

1. Come here ____________. You have to see this!
2. We knew that she had got the job when we saw her _________ talking on the phone.
3. He ______________ put the vase on the table. It fell to the floor.
4. Sharon is throwing a party on Saturday. She ___________ finished her PhD.
5. Let’s walk ________________. I don’t want to be the first one at the meeting.
6. Alex _____________ put up the bookshelves. It was too difficult for me to do on my own.
7. Everything happened so ______________. We had to move to California in less than a month.
8. Why does he always have to talk so ____________. You can hear him in the next room!
9. Although she speaks five languages, she did not do ___________ on the translation exam.
10. I was so surprised. His new apartment was _____________ decorated.

Answer Key: 1. quickly, 2. excitedly, 3. carelessly, 4. finally, 5. slowly, 6. easily, 7. suddenly, 8. loudly, 9. well, 10. beautifully

II.  Adverb or Adjective?

Complete the sentence using an adjective or adverb.
To make adverbs we often add –ly at the end of an adjective (words that describe a noun)
Example: beautiful (adjective) girl (noun) 
               beautiful + ly = beautifully (adverb)

1. He’s always in a rush. I don’t understand why he walks so ____________ (quick/quickly).
2. I prefer studying in the library. It’s always_______________ (quiet/quietly).
3. Michael __________ (happy/happily) took the assistant job. He had been looking for a position all summer. 
4. Marta dances _____________ (beautiful/beautifully). She’s been taking ballet since she was five years old.
5. They speak French very ____________ (good/well). They lived in France for two years. 
6. My neighbor always plays ___________ (loud/loudly) music on the weekends. It’s so annoying.
7. Please be __________ (careful/carefully) in the hallway. The walls have just been painted.
8. Dan is very smart, but he is not a very___________ (good/well) student.
9. He reacted __________ (angry/angrily) to the news. I have never seen him so upset.
10. We didn’t ______________ (complete/completely) understand the teacher’s instructions. Most of us did not finish the assignment.

Answer Key: 1. quickly, 2. quiet, 3. happily, 4. beautifully, 5. well, 6. loud, 7. careful, 8. good, 9. angrily, 10. completely

Another Exercise

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION:

1.    I found his home very _______. easily difficultly frequently   2.   Rohan behaves very _____ with his elders. goodly badly easily   3.    My father will be ______ of town this weekend. inside outside out   4.   Rohan plays football _________. aggressively sympathetically hardly   5.   He doesn’t care for anything and _______ looks happy every time. since ago hence   6.   They called the police ________ after the accident. immediately slowly peacefully   7.   Kiran is a ______ paid employee of this company lowly highly hardly   8.   I was stuck in a jam for _______ two hours. nearly simply correctly   9.   How _______do you go there? never seldom often   10.    Thomas was ______ happy when he got his first job. extremely fully halfly